The aims of the project are to clarify how emotions are encoded in calls of infants of two mammalian species (pigs and humans) and how this information is decoded from the calls by adults of the same and the other species. In two experiments, calls of piglets will be recorded in 9 qualitatively distinct situations (e.g., isolation, castration, reunion, nursing) and in graded situations of the same kind (isolation leading to fear, castration inducing pain, reunion with mother inciting relief). The acoustic structure of the recorded calls will be analysed with the aim to identify parameters that best encode the emotions. In further three experiments, piglet and human baby calls encoding the qualitatively distinct and graded emotions will be played back to adult humans and pigs with the aim to assess how sensitively a accurately are they able to decode the con- and heterospecific emotional information and how individual profile/experience affects this ability.