Milk production in the EU agricultural production in 2013 participated for 15% after fruit and vegetables accounted for the second major agrarian sector before the production of corn. Between 2004 and 2013 in EU-28 dairy cattle numbers decreased by 1,611 thousand and 7%, while in the EU-13 was more pronounced decline (18.6%) than in the EU-15 (4.0%). Despite the lower numbers of cows increased milk production by about 4% in old and new EU states. Per hectare of agricultural land in the EU-13, in the Czech and Slovak produced only 43; 60 and 43%, and per capita 64, 72 and 50% of production in the EU-15. The greatest production per hectare reached the Netherlands, Malta and Belgium. The situation of milk producers in most of the EU-13 in the production of milk detract from entry to the EU lower purchase prices than in the EU-15. By monthly difference between the price in the EU-15, and the Slovak Republic, respectively in the Czech Republic, reaching about 1.30 and 1.08 CZK, respectively 15 and 13% per kg. Between June 2014 and 2015 dropped the price of milk in the EU-15 and EU-12 (excluding Malta and Cyprus) on 19 and 22%; respectively 1.82 and 1.80 CZK. From the development and production of milk purchase prices in recent months in Europe, it is inferred that after the quota system was transplanted into a less favorable prognosis growth overproduction of milk and a significant decline in purchase prices. The majority of Slovak and Czech milk producers know and in practice is trying to implement measures improving economic results of milk production. This is milk yield of corresponding breed and natural conditions, fertility, nutrition and feeding of cows, milk quality, cost and their entries, etc. At low purchase prices can be high quality raw milk to processing likely to successfully sell, but not long to produce.