In the Czech Republic from 2006 to 2015 increased milk production by 11% according to the Economic accounts for agriculture in financial terms, which for the year 2015 accounted for 49 % of livestock production. In monitored years, milk yields of cows in the Czech Republic and in the group of selected farms increased. In addition, the volume of marketed milk per cow and the number of weaned calves also increased whereas the average age at first calving was reduced. The average somatic cell count clearly decreased during the last four years. In the period from 2006 to 2015, the cost of milk production in surveyed farms increased by 10.8 thousand CZK (17%) per cow per year and when expressed per liter of milk sold, it ranged from 8.5 to 9.4 CZK. The first months of 2016 were unfavourable for dairy farmers because of low purchase prices of milk (6.6 CZK /l in the Czech Republic for 1-7 / 2016) but recent information from European markets of milk and milk products talks about a possible improvement in the profitability of milk production.