The number of born and reared piglets is a decisive indicator in the assessment of the reproductive performance of sows. Increasing reproductive performance is both the result of breeding work and the result of reducing piglet losses during prenatal development and after birth. Care of sows during lactation begins before birth of piglets. It is important to follow the principles of hygiene, proper nutrition and preparation for parturition. The subject of the article is a description of the principles that help farmers to breed healthy and vital piglets and keep sows in good breeding condition for as long as possible.