The Czech Statistical office reported 7.1% an overall mortality percentage of calves from birth to 3. months of age in 2013. In article is describes the importance of bovine colostrum, and its importance in relation to the maintenance of adequate health of calves and their survivability. Described was the composition of colostrum (antibodies – Ig G; M; A, bioactive factors – IGF, lactofferin etc.). Was described factors, that significantly affect the quality of colostrum (volume of colostrum, timming of first colostrum milking, parity of dam, breed, health status on a farm). Cows were milked on average for 5.8 hrs. Colostrum from primiparous fed off 8.1 % of surveyed farms (from total 136 surveyed farms).