The Institute of Animal Science, v.v.i. in Prague, Czech Republic, and the Department of Genetics and Breeding of Farm Animals organised a regular meeting on Thursday, November 13, 2025, entitled „Current knowledge in breeding of livestock“. The introductory lecture by Ing. Eliška Žáková, PhD, focused on new traits in pig breeding. Specifically, these traits, derived from the birth weights of piglets, including average litter weight and the number of small piglets in a litter, have significant implications for the industry. It was confirmed that including birth weight traits in selection criteria can contribute to improving litter balance and positively affect piglet welfare, thereby enhancing the overall productivity and well-being of pig farming. The following talks by Ing. Monika Žáková and Ing. Jiří Bauer, PhD, focused on estimating breeding values using the test-day model in Holstein cattle. This model involves collecting data on milk yield from individual cows on multiple test days, which is then used to estimate the genetic potential of the animals. New estimates of genetic parameters and the inclusion of foreign interbull data in the calculation of breeding values of milk yield were presented. The presented findings are of great importance for improving the method of estimating breeding values used in the Czech Republic. In routine estimation of breeding values, we continue to maintain world leadership, both in the procedures used and, in the quantity, and quality of input data, i.e. data from performance control and animal registration. The meeting was concluded by two contributions focused on the genetics of animal health. Ing. Ludmila Zavadilová, CSc., presented a contribution regarding bronchopneumonia in calves of dairy cattle. It turned out that, thanks to the ongoing registration of diseases in cattle, there is a potential to start breeding in the Holstein cattle population to increase resistance to calf bronchopneumonia in the near future, a promising development. In his lecture, Dr Karel Novák showed the general validity of natural immunity systems using the example of research in Czech piebald cattle and wild rodents, inspiring hope for future research. Approximately 20 non-institutional participants attended the meeting in person, and approximately 10 participants joined online, ensuring a diverse and inclusive audience. The recording and the proceedings, published simultaneously with the seminar, are available on the VÚŽV website, ensuring that those who couldn’t attend can still benefit from the valuable insights shared.