The aim of the study was to calculate the influence of basic production traits on the economic efficiency of commercial rabbitry in the Czech Republic. Study is divided into two articles. In the first paper, we focused on synthesizing current production traits and determining costs and benefits related to farming. When calculating the feed costs the real nutrient requirements were based on the live weight of the animals, on the growth and the reproductive status of does. From the total farm costs, the highest proportion was accounted for by feed costs (up to 66%) and the remaining non-feed costs were mainly represented by the price of purchased young does. The total costs per unit of production were 62.60 CZK/kg of rabbit meat and the resulting profit was 460 CZK per doe per year. This represented a profit of 10.50 CZK per fattened rabbit and 3.90 CZK per kg of rabbit slaughter weight. The overall profitability of rabbit farm representing of 6% is comparable with the values published in a foreign countries. Next paper will be focused to the calculation of the economic importance of rabbit traits