This study presents a basic description and analysis of 20 common health disorders/diseases monitored in 289 802 dairy cows in the Czech Republic. The data were provided by farmers on a one-time basis from 1 183 herds and were collected between July 2015 and June 2016. In 55 % of cows, no disorders/diseases were treated, while in 45 % of cows, at least 1 of 20 monitored disorders/diseases was recorded. The most frequent disease was mastitis (19.8 % treated lactations, i.e., lactational incidence risk, LIR), followed by metritis (LIR 11.3 %) and foot and claw diseases (LIR 11.0 %). Treatment of metabolic disorders was rather seldom (LIR 1-3.2 %). Not all farms recorded all diagnoses; while almost 90 % of farmers reported the incidence of mastitis, less than 50 % of them recorded the incidence of metabolic diseases. Additionally, the comparison of the incidence of foot and claw diseases with studies based on hoof trimmer records showed possible under-reporting. Despite those limitations, our basic analysis is important for intended genetic evaluation of health traits and gave us an idea about the health conditions and disease recording in Czech dairy cattle.