The present methodology provides basic information concerning the current situation in the milk production in EU countries and in the CR. The analysis involves income items (milk, animals, intermediate products etc.), cost items (feedstuffs, labour, depreciation, overheads etc.), and important production parameters (milk yield, feeding management, fertility, longevity, herd replacement, health status, organic production, breed of cows, labour consumption etc.). Methodical solutions ate proposed to improve the economic results of milk production. The results will be mainly used by dairy cow producers, farmers’ associations and advisory organizations.