Besides problems in reproduction and mastitis, lameness belongs to the most common health problems in dairy cattle. Lameness causes chronic pain and thereby worsens the welfare of cows. The lameness prevalence varies a lot among farms. Two studies focusing on lameness monitoring on 39 farms in the Czech Republic report the lameness prevalence between 6 and 64%. Slippery and wet floors and bad cow care quality (including the claws treatment) belonged to the risk factors for lameness. On the individual level, cows with overgrown claws, dirty cows and cows with skin lesions were more vulnerable. Farmers underestimated the lameness prevalence as they reported lower amount of lame animals compare to observations. We can conclude that due to the large variability in lameness prevalence on the farms there is a large potential for improvement. The most important step in lameness reduction is to help farmers with a detection of sick animals and with an identification of risk factors on a particular farm.