The Partnership Agreement between the EU and Mercosur has been concluded between the EU and the South American trade bloc comprising Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay. One of the most debated issues is the impact on the beef sector. While the agreement with the EU does not allow completely duty-free access for all beef production, it does provide significant tariff reductions for precisely defined import quotas. It will be possible to import 99,000 tons of beef annually into the EU market at a reduced tariff of 7.5%. The Mercosur bloc countries, in particular, focus on agricultural production with exceptional export potential. They accounted for about one-fifth of global beef production. In contrast to these four countries, beef production in the 27 EU member states is roughly half that amount. A total of 4 million tons of beef were exported from Mercosur countries in 2024 (Uruguay in 2023). Thus, approximately 28% of their total production is exported, and EU countries are a major partner. Beef cattle production in Mercosur countries is cheaper than in the EU. The main reasons are lower feed costs associated with pasture-based farming, cheaper labor, and less stringent production standards.