The aim of the work was to analyze the dynamics of the occurrence of selected resistant microorganisms and to propose preventive measures leading to a reduction in antibiotic use during calf rearing. When developing the draft preventive measures, we based ourselves on the available domestic and foreign professional literature (Web of Science) and, above all, on practical experience gained in the operating conditions of dairy cattle farms. Within the framework of the National Program for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance in the Czech Republic, selected pathogens of respiratory and diarrhoeal diseases (Escherichia coli, Pasteurella multocida, Mannheimia haemolytica, Histophilus somni) were monitored in cattle farms over nine years (2015-2023). Furthermore, morbidity, mortality, and antibiotic use of pre-weaned calves on one dairy cow farm were monitored depending on compliance with selected preventive measures of good husbandry practice and biosecurity principles. After the introduction of chosen principles of good husbandry practice (e.g., improving care for newborn calves, optimizing the supply of calves with colostrum, regular sanitation of housing, disinfection of bedding), morbidity (by 9.5%), mortality (by 0.9%), and the number of calves treated with antibiotics (by 2.0%) were reduced in 2020. After the introduction and, above all, consistent adherence to the principles of colostral management by the staff and chosen principles of biosecurity (early separation of the calf from the mother, increasing the level of sanitation of housing and feeding and watering buckets, separate tools, etc.), a further reduction in morbidity (by 10.2%), mortality (by 0.7%) and the number of calves treated with antibiotics occurred (by 9.7%) in 2022.