Greenhouse gas emissions from livestock production are a significant problem in the context of climate change. This paper focuses on the sources of greenhouse gas emissions from livestock production and methods for their quantification and impact assessment. Agriculture and forestry were responsible for about 21% of global anthropogenic emissions between 2010 and 2019. In the Czech Republic, agriculture generates 7% of total greenhouse gas emissions, with methane from livestock digestion being one of the main sources. Greenhouse gas emissions are estimated according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change guidelines, which were developed on the basis of international literature reviews of scientific papers on measuring anthropogenic sources of greenhouse gas emissions. Methods such as life cycle assessment (LCA) and ecological footprint are used to assess environmental impacts. LCA evaluates the environmental impacts over the entire life cycle of a product, while ecological footprint compares human activity with sustainability. Carbon footprint assessment is essential for identifying and implementing more sustainable agricultural and livestock practices that can significantly reduce negative environmental impacts.