The primary and most significant indicator of mastitis in dairy cows is somatic cell count (SCC) in milk. Mastitis is one of the main causes of culling dairy cows from the herd, not only in Czech herds. Due to the significant production and economic losses caused by mastitis, the goal is to maintain the SCC within the range of 100,000-200,000 in ml, which can result in substantial financial benefit. In Czech herds between 2015 and 2024, the average SCC fluctuated between 205,000 and 231,000 in ml, and the average linear SCC score was 4.04. It has been demonstrated that higher SCC leads to a decrease in milk yield and an increase in veterinary costs, with production losses being more pronounced in cows in higher lactations. Higher milking frequency has a significant impact on reducing SCC.