The article provides a comprehensive overview of the use of bacterial inoculants to reduce preservation losses during ensiling. It describes the mechanisms of action of homofermentative and heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria, their influence on fermentation profile and aerobic stability of silages. Emphasis is placed on practical aspects of inoculant application under various ensiling conditions, including dosage rates, application methods and economic evaluation. Factors affecting inoculation efficacy are discussed, such as forage dry matter content, indigenous microflora, climatic conditions and ensiling management. The article summarizes current scientific knowledge on the selection of appropriate bacterial strains for specific forage types and preservation objectives with regard to minimizing fermentation and aerobic nutrient losses.