Proportion of total permanent grassland (PG) on the total area of agricultural land (AL) in the EU in 2009 reached on average approx. 35 %. Preservation and conservation of permanent grassland is one of the priorities of the EU common agricultural policy. Ruminant rearing is the most convenient method from the viewpoint of ecology and economy. In 2010, the EU-15 reached per 100 ha of permanent grassland of approximately 144 livestock units (LU), the EU-12 only reached 84 LU (58 %). In the CR approximately 103 LU (71 %) were kept on the same area. One of the reasons for the unfavourable situation in use of PG in the EU-12 by ruminant livestock could be uneven principles of the CAP, or the continuous lower direct payments per hectare of AL from the EU budget. Possible ecological problems could disturb the living environment not only in relevant countries, but in all of Europe. Therefore, all EU members should be provided equal opportunity to utilize their current area of PG by ruminant rearing.