Ruminants obtain vitamin A from plants through provitamins – carotenes. These carotenes are converted into vitamin A in the small intestine, liver and mammary gland of the animal, which is then provided to the organism for a number of metabolic processes. If the intake of vitamin A is disturbed and its occurrence in the body is small, there is a risk of health complications. These can manifest with reduced immunity, vision disorders, reproductive disorders or defective bone growth.