The Partnership between the European Union and Mercosur has been concluded between the EU and the South American trade bloc comprising Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay. Mercosur countries represent an agricultural superpower with extraordinary export potential. While Brazil dominates global trade thanks to its vast cattle herds and rapid production growth, Argentina and Uruguay rely on a deeply rooted tradition of exporting agricultural commodities, with agriculture’s share of their economies far exceeding the European average. Paraguay complements this group as an exporter that is intensively developing its livestock sector. Beef production in Mercosur countries is cheaper than in the EU. The reasons include lower feed costs associated with pasture-based farming, cheaper labour, and less stringent production standards (regarding the environment or animal welfare).