Human-animal relationship (HAR) is an important factor in dairy cattle management. Dairy cows experience daily handling and interactions with humans during routine procedures such as milking or health treatments. Therefore, it is important that the interactions are based on a positive relationship and take place calmly and safely. The quality of the HAR influences both animal welfare and production parameters, and also contributes to safer handling rocedures. Therefore it is important to incorporate this variable into welfare assessment. In the Welfare Quality(R) (WQ) protocols, which rely on animal-based indicators, the HAR is one of the welfare criteria within the Appropriate behaviour (welfare principle). The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the HAR on Czech dairy farms. Across ten loosehousing farms, the avoidance distance of 80 randomly selected cows per farm was assessed by a trained observer following the WQ methodology. Avoidance distance was categorized into four categories: 0 cm=touch (cat. 1), 0-50 cm (cat. 2), 50-100 cm (cat 3), >100 cm (cat. 4). Based on the observations, the Index for good human-animal relationship was calculated and subsequently transformed into a Score for good human-animal relationship using a spline function, as indicated in Welfare Quality protocols. This score was used to classify farms into welfare categories. On average across farms, 23.9% of cows fell into category 1 (range 5-76%), 39.5% into category 2 (28-51%), 25.5% into category 3 (0-38%) and 11.1% into category 4 (0-19%). The mean Index for good human-animal relationship across farms was 73.5 (range 64.4-97.3) and a score for good human-animal relationship was 44.8 (31.6-89.8). These results classified nine farms as Acceptable (animal welfare above or meeting minimal requirements) and one farm as Excellent (highest welfare level). This pilot study represents the first evaluation of HAR on Czech dairy farms and suggests that welfare standards in HAR were generally acceptable, though variability among farms highlights opportunities for further improvement. In future steps we will incorporate additional welfare measures and variables to achieve a more comprehensive understanding of welfare conditions on Czech dairy farms.