The first national survey covered all diseases/health disorders ocurring in Czech dairy cows. Many farmers failed to report some diseases. The evaluation of locomotion disorders included 79% of Czech Fleckvieh (C) and 82% of Holstein (H) herds, but only 18-52% of C herds recorded individual disorders (tyloma-lameness) and 20-55% of H breeds recorded tyloma-ulcer. H cows had a significantly higher LIR (lactation incidence) for digital dermatitis, interdigital phlegmon, ulcer and primary ketosis, but lower LIR for white line abscess and parturient paresis. Four diseases (tyloma, lameness, downer cow syndrome, displaced abomasum did not differ significantly..