Less than half of Czech dairy farmers use devices for colostrum quality estimation. They use them mostly irregularly, at least in periods of higher calf morbidity. However, little attention is paid to its microbial quality. Colostrum can be a source of major pathogens: Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, Mycoplasma spp., Salmonella spp. and common bacteria, e.g. £ coli etc. These microorganisms can impair immunoglobulin absorption (undesirable colonization of the small intestine, pathogen and Ig binding), accelerate gut closure or cause early diarrhea and septic states.