Toll-like receptors belong to the pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs), which have evolved in mammals to recognize conserved features of bacterial and viral molecules. Their variability is supposed to contribute to the stability of the modern cattle breeds to the emerging infections. Further study of the genetic structure and variability of Toll-like receptors as coded by the TLR genes of cattle is required to exploit the naturally occurring SNPs. In the next step, the variability of the TLR genes should be associated with the differences in the ability to detect the pathogens.