The focus of this study was to confirm the relationship among body condition score (BSC) at the time around parturition, milk yield in subsequent lactation, reproductive efficiency and BCS development in Czech Fleckvieh dairy cows. Cows with lower BCS inthe 1st month after calving showed an increase in both milk yield and FCPM yield. The BCS in the last month before parturition influenced its subsequent decrease in the 1st phase of lactation. Cows with the highest BCS before calving retained it in thenext 5 months of lactation. Adequately, the cows with the lowest BCS in the 1st month of lactation had the lowest BCS in the next 4 months. BCS before calving was not related to reproduction indicators, but the significant effect of BCS in the 1st monthafter calving on the length of calving to the 1st service interval was confirmed. The group of cows with BCS>3.5 in the 1st month after calving had the most favourable reproduction indicators.