Importance of permanent grassland in terms of non-productive functions (maintenance of the landscape, rural development, environmental protection, water management etc.) in the Czech Republic and the EU increases. This is evidenced by inter alia the inclusion of the principle of „greening“ in to CAP reform. Area of permanent grassland (around one million ha) of the area of agricultural land participates for approximately 27 %. Ecologically and economically utilize permanent grassland mainly suckler cows, whose number in the Czech Republic from 2000-2014 increased by about 185 %. The paper deals with development of permanent grasslands, and possibilities of their use, results of breeding suckler cows, some principles of the CAP reform and the factors which suckler cows influence.