Analysis of microsatellite loci is highly informative in recon- structing the historical processes underlying the evolution and differ- entiation of animal populations. This study ušed 13 polymorphic mi­crosatellite markers recomntended by FAO and ISAG to analýze the genetic diversity, genetic structure, variation, and phylogenetic rela- tionship of 6 Central European sheep breeds (Czech Wallachian, CWA, n = 36, Šumava, S = 46, Slovák Wallachian, SWA, n = 59, Improved Wallachian, IPW, n = 59, Swiniarka, SWI, n = 35, and Uhruska sheep UHR, n = 19). The 172 alleles were observed in 254 animals. The num- ber of observed alleles per locus varied from 7 to 17 per locus (average of 13,23).