Despite the relatively small share of the Czech Republic in the European and world milk production, milk production in the Czech Republic is an important area of animal production. This is confirmed, for example, in financially share of milk production in animal production, respectively in the agricultural sector. However, for the maintenance and further development of dairy cattle breeding, respectively milk production, it is necessary that the economic result of breeding is an adequate level of profit. The aim of this study is to evaluate the economic situation of dairy cattle farms and especially the Holstein breed. For 61 dairy farms with breeding Holstein cattle for the year 2021, the average costs after deduction was 90,546 CZK per cow and year, respectively 9.01 CZK per liter of milk sold. The costs per cow and year increased between 2015 and 2021 in the evaluated group from 73.4 thousand CZK to 90.5 thousand CZK, i.e. by 17 thousand CZK and 23%. Due to the growing market milk production per cow, which corresponded with the increase in milk yield in the Czech Republic, the costs after deduction per liter of milk sold increased in the same period only by 0.8 CZK per liter, respectively by 9%. On average, in the group of farms, at costs of 9.01 CZK per liter and the purchase price of milk at 8.97 CZK per liter, milk production without subsidies was unprofitable. Without subsidies, profit was achieved on average only in groups with a higher average market milk production per dairy cow.