In dairy farming, calves in the period from birth to weaning represent the most sensitive category. The work is focused on evaluation of possible antimicrobial substances reduction in calves rearing during the period of milk nutrition through preventive and prophylactic measures. Strict adherence to the principles of good husbandry practice by ensuring adequate levels of calves immunity, optimization of breeding environment, nutrition and watering and minimizing stress of animals and exposure to pathogens with emphasis on prevention, prophylaxis and bisosecurity are important prerequisites for maintaining good animal and human health on the one hand, while maintaining the effectiveness of antimicrobials, on the other hand. This leads to reduction of the amount of antimicrobials used during calves rearing, thus the risk of antimicrobial resistance is limited.